• Oxysterols modulate the immune responses and as such

  2021-04-06

  

  Oxysterols modulate the immune responses and as such could be effectors of the tumor environment: 25-OHC impairs IgA production in B-lymphocytes [26] and induces the secretion of the proinflammatory and angiogenic cytokine IL-8 [27], [28]. Of note, oxysterols (in particular 7α,25-OHC) are potent che

• Protein degradation via UPP involves two steps

  2021-04-06

  

  Protein degradation via UPP involves two steps. One step is the conjugation of multiple ubiquitin to a substrate. The other step is the degradation of tagged protein by the downstream 26S proteasome complex. Protein ubiquitination is the E1–E2–E3 enzymatic cascade (Hershko & Ciechanover, 1998). E1-a

• The first hint that GLP might not be completely

  2021-04-06

  

  The first hint that GLP-1 might not be completely stable came from a meeting abstract in 1992, reporting that GLP-1 could be degraded in plasma incubations [16], although the enzyme(s) involved was not identified. A year later, Mentlein and colleagues [17], in a search for peptide substrates of the

• br Abbreviations br Acknowledgements br Introduction Dopamin

  2021-04-06

  

  Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DbH) is the enzyme catalysing the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, two important neurotransmitters involved in the central nervous system [1]. This enzyme has been isolated from bovine chromaffin granules as a tetr

• To explore the mechanism behind differential activation kine

  2021-04-06

  

  To explore the mechanism behind differential activation kinetics, Marcott et al. (2018) manipulate local dopamine dynamics. They show that differences in dopamine concentrations are not responsible for different D2R activation kinetics, since D2-IPSCs reach similar amplitudes at different rates in N

• A number of immune relevant genes have been studied

  2021-04-06

  

  A number of immune-relevant genes have been studied to explore the immunologic mechanisms in large yellow croakers; however, the chemokine receptor CXCR family has never been studied in this organism. Chemokines are a large superfamily of chemotactic cytokines that are utilized to direct the traffic

• br Acknowledgments The authors thank

  2021-04-06

  

  Acknowledgments The authors thank Elisabete Lepera and Rosana Silva for technical support. The study was supported by FAPESP, CNPq and PADC/FCF-UNESP. T.T. Miguel was the recipient of a FAPESP (Proc. 05/05171-1) and R.L. Nunes-de-Souza of a CNPq (Proc. 303580/2009-7) fellowship. Introduction

• We further verified the presence of

  2021-04-02

  

  We further verified the presence of CLIC1, CLIC4 and CLIC5 in purified mitochondria following protocols described earlier (Singh et al., 2012). As shown in Fig. 4, CLIC4 and CLIC5 were present in the ultra-pure mitochondrial fraction (M3). All the three fractions obtained from 30% (v/v) Percoll grad

• Recent pharmacological and clinical studies suggested that

  2021-04-02

  

  Recent pharmacological and clinical studies suggested that estetrol (E4) should also be considered as an interesting candidate for MHT (Abot et al., 2014; Mawet et al., 2015). E4 is naturally produced from E2 and estriol (E3) via 15α- and 16α-hydroxylase by the human fetal liver during pregnancy and

• As a transcription factor HOXA regulates multiple target

  2021-04-02

  

  As a transcription factor, HOXA9 regulates multiple target genes related to cell growth, including BRCA1 [34], BCL-2 [35], c-MYB [36], IGF1 [37], PIM1 [38] and so on. In addition, HOXA9 is a member of both activating and repressive transcriptional regulatory complexes, along with cofactor and collab

• br Acknowledgements This research was supported

  2021-04-02

  

  Acknowledgements This research was supported by Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS). We thank prof. R. Marinšek Logar for helpful advice, Dr. T. Kranjc for help with data management, N. Vrhovnik and G. Lavrič for technical help with preliminary growth experiments and dr. J. Burkeljca for help with g

• Plasminogen is composed of five N terminal

  2021-04-02

  

  Plasminogen is composed of five N-terminal kringle domains and a C-terminal serine protease domain. The kringle domains have an affinity to lysine and binding of plasminogen with its receptors is dependent on its lysine interacting kringle domains [10], [28]. In the current report, we show that enol

• br A major physiological action of ET is to

  2021-04-02

  

  A major physiological action of ET-1 is to function as one of the most powerful vasoconstrictors of human blood vessels. As such, ET-1 plays a major role in regulating vascular function in all organ systems, including the kidney (Fig. 1). As in other vessels, ET-1 is thought to be released from en

• br DDR receptor and MMP expression Type II

  2021-04-02

  

  DDR2 receptor and MMP-13 expression Type II collagen protein in articular cartilage is highly stable structure as its half-life is 117 years [43]. The chondrocytes have limited ability to synthesis type II collagen protein in the matrix of mature articular cartilage once the collagen gets disrupt

• Recently a non proteolytic role

  2021-04-02

  

  Recently, a non-proteolytic role of COP1 in stabilizing PIF3 proteins in the dark has been revealed . Previous studies have shown that the endogenous levels of PIF3 protein in etiolated seedlings were nearly undetectable . Ling found that the GSK3-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) p

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