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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Several
2023-09-05
Materials and methods Results Discussion Several major signaling and developmental pathways (e.g. EGFR, ALK, KRAS, TGFβ, Notch and Wnt/β-catenin) have been shown to be involved in lung carcinogenesis and they are being exploited as targets of the non-small cell lung cancer therapy (for revi
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Thus far clinical data indicate that IDO
2023-09-05
Thus far, clinical data indicate that IDO1 inhibitors have manageable toxicity, albeit with a relatively short period of treatment in a small number of patients. KYN is a pluripotent mediator and key intermediate for the synthesis of a host of downstream KP metabolites that are implicated in inflamm
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Ozone induced innate inflammatory responses in the lung invo
2023-09-05
Ozone-induced innate inflammatory responses in the lung involve neutrophil extravasation through enhanced trans-endothelial migration (Krishna et al., 1997). Catecholamines and glucocorticoids, which are increased by ozone inhalation (Bass et al., 2013, Miller et al., 2015, Miller et al., 2016a, Mil
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Circulating adrenal derived stress hormones
2023-09-05
Circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones, epinephrine and corticosterone mediate their tissue effects through adrenergic (AR; α and β) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. AR are widely distributed throughout the body and although epinephrine is a prototypical agonist for all types of AR, the selec
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BMS 753 receptor br The role of AMPK
2023-09-05
The role of AMPK beyond BMS 753 receptor homeostasis: regulating metabolism AMPK plays a major role in glucose homeostasis by modulating glucose transport in peripheral tissues [20]. Skeletal muscle, one of the main peripheral tissues involved in glucose uptake and disposal, expresses glucose tr
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The assay performance was estimated using
2023-09-05
The assay performance was estimated using Z′-factors (plotted in Fig. 2A) according to Zhang et al. calculated for each plate comparing positive (in the absence of an inhibitor) and negative controls (in the presence of an AdK inhibitor). The mean Z′-factor±SD was determined to be 0.7±0.1, indicativ
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br Results br Discussion Dopamine regulates behavioral
2023-09-05
Results Discussion Dopamine regulates behavioral responses to nicotine in Drosophila (Bainton et al., 2000), but neurochemical measurements of dopamine after nicotine stimulation had not been made. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the stimulation of nAChRs causes dopamine release i
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In the previous study we
2023-09-04
In the previous study, we demonstrated the importance of the mPFC postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor in the sustained antidepressant effects, because a sustained antidepressant effect was obtained with intra-mPFC injection, but not systemic injection of 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist (Fukumoto et al
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Renal Cell Carcinoma RCC is
2023-09-04
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is a lethal cancer with bad prognosis due to development of chemoresistance and recurrence of an aggressive tumor with increased tumor-angiogenesis and metastasis [7]. We have found Axl and Gas6 to be differentially presented in RCC subtypes, and Axl to correlate to tumor
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Autotaxin has been linked to chemoresistance through its abi
2023-09-04
Autotaxin has been linked to chemoresistance through its ability to inhibit apoptosis induced by paclitaxel in breast cancer Fmoc-Lys(Dnp)-OH [15] and LPA can inhibit cell death induced by cisplatin [40]. Autotaxin was included in the present study because it was identified as being over-expressed i
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br Results br Discussion ER and GR play opposite phenotypic
2023-09-04
Results Discussion ER and GR play opposite phenotypic roles in the normal endometrium, with ER promoting growth and GR inhibiting growth. Here, we show that in endometrial cancer, GR expression is associated with worse outcomes and higher-grade tumors, and this association is observed only in
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Why do glutamate and glycine
2023-09-04
Why do glutamate and glycine bind to the NHS-12-Biotin in such different ways? Given the overall structural similarity between the GluN2A and GluN1 LBDs, one might conclude that the LBDs also bind ligands via similar processes. NMDA receptors with engineered disulfide linkages that lock the GluN1 l
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The apoptosis promoting Bcl family includes BH only proteins
2023-09-04
The apoptosis-promoting Bcl-2 family includes BH3-only proteins (e.g., Bim, Bid and Bad) and multiple-domain proteins (e.g., Bax and Bak). At the time of apoptosis stimulation (e.g., DNA damage), only the BH3-only protein is activated, directly or indirectly promoting Bax/Bak oligomerization, changi
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Molecular docking quantitative structure activity relationsh
2023-09-04
Molecular docking, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) studies have a very widespread use in computer-assisted drug design.25, 26, 27, 28 Suvannang et al. used the published X-ray crystallographic data to examine known aromatase inhibitors
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In order to further explore whether
2023-09-04
In order to further explore whether the cytoprotective effect of isogarcinol against oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HepG2 dizocilpine sale is a consequence of the breakdown of the endogenous antioxidant defence mechanism, we measured the LDH release, MDA levels, GSH levels and SOD activity. A larg
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