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Based on the general structure function principle in biology
2024-04-28
Based on the general structure-function principle in biology [[19], [20], [21]], toxic oligomers are expected to have well-defined three-dimensional structures to carry out their pathological functions. A common amyloid toxicity mechanism also suggests that toxic oligomers of different amyloid prote
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Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy
2024-04-28
Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Microbial enzymes have
2024-04-28
Acknowledgements Introduction Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread uses in industries and medicine owing to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization than plant and animal enzymes (Singh et al., 2016). Microbial aminopeptidases (amino-a
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br Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic
2024-04-28
Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways play critical roles in the regulation of food intake and Myosmine australia metabolism in mammals [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]. Central injections of the inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3- kinases (PI3 K, a
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Given the powerful and ubiquitous nature
2024-04-28
Given the powerful and ubiquitous nature of adenosine action within the CNS, basal levels of extracellular adenosine are carefully regulated and are estimated to be in the region of 30–300 nM (Fredholm et al., 2001). The two main pathways for the control of extracellular adenosine involve phosphoryl
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Several reports of single cases of MG patients treated with
2024-04-28
Several reports of single cases of MG patients treated with Rituximab have claimed a favourable response (Baek et al., 2007, Gajra et al., 2004, Hain et al., 2006, Thakre et al., 2007, Wylam et al., 2003, Zaja et al., 2000). We report our experience with Rituximab in 6 patients with severe MG, 3 pa
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LY 2389575 hydrochloride Qualitative inspection of the singl
2024-04-28
Qualitative inspection of the single-channel traces presented in both Figures 3 and 4 shows that within bursts of activity, βAnc-containing AChRs display a marked reduction in open probability. To quantify these differences in single-channel behavior, we performed dwell-time analysis under high-reso
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br Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are a heterogeneous famil
2024-04-27
Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a heterogeneous family of enzymes that catalyze the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). By oxidizing free PUFAs, they were shown to contribute to the generation of various bioactive lipid mediators. However, LOX-mediated oxidation of PUFAs es
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br Experimental protocols br Results and discussion br Concl
2024-04-27
Experimental protocols Results and discussion Conclusion 15-LOX-1 is an important mammalian lipoxygenase which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, lipoxins and other signalling molecules. These signalling molecules play a regulatory role in several respiratory disea
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br Conclusions br Author declaration br Acknowledgements br
2024-04-27
Conclusions Author declaration Acknowledgements Introduction ASK1 scaffolding proteins ASK1 adaptor proteins Conclusions Scaffolding and adaptor proteins can coordinate the specific activation of a MAP3K-MAP2K-MAPK pathway in response to various stimuli. For example, both niclos
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Because R gene is positively regulated by T and in
2024-04-27
Because 5α-R2 gene is positively regulated by T and in the prostate gland (Torres et al., 2003), and our BPA-treated rats showed decreased circulating T and probably intraprostatic androgen levels, it might be responsible for the decrease of 5α-R2 expression. However, in a previous work using castra
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Autophagy and apoptosis have a very
2024-04-27
Autophagy and apoptosis have a very complex relationship, and the precise mechanism remains to be determined. At present, a large amount of research has confirmed that autophagy can protect the cell from apoptosis in special conditions such as nutrient deficiency or growth factors deprivation; the e
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Japanese e
2024-04-27
Materials and methods Results Discussion Japanese encephalitis caused by JEV is characterized by teva 3026 neuron death. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We and other researchers have demonstrated that JEV induces apoptosis by ER stress-mediated IRE1/JNK and ROS-me
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In this
2024-04-27
Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, the orphan receptor GPR25 was cloned from several representative vertebrate species including zebrafish. Although the overall amino hcv protease inhibitor sequence identity among these species is not high (38–52%), our synteny analysi
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br Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion XHP is
2024-04-27
Materials and Methods Results Discussion XHP is a traditional Chinese anti-cancer medicine that is widely used for the treatment and adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. XHP has been shown to induce apoptosis in various breast cancer AZD6482 in vitro, including Hs578T, MCF-7, and MDA-MB231
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